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The 2001–02 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average year in which only five named storms formed or entered the South Pacific basin. It began on November 1, 2001 and ended on April 30, 2002. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the southern Pacific Ocean east of 160°E. Additionally, the regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a ''tropical cyclone year'' separately from a ''tropical cyclone season'', and the "tropical cyclone year" runs from July 1, 2001 to June 30, 2002. The season's sixteen tropical depressions existed within these dates with the first developing on November 29 and the last dissipating on April 22. The South Pacific Basin, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization, is split into two sub-areas, monitored by separate agencies. The first area is between 160°E and 120°W and north of 25°S are monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) in Nadi. Those that move south of 25°S are monitored by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Wellington, New Zealand.〔 At the start of the season, a new naming policy was introduced by the Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South- East Indian Ocean. The policy stated that a storm attaining gale-force winds in only one quadrant near its center would be named by the Fiji Meteorological Service. This is in contrast to the previous policy in which gale-force winds had to completely surround the center to be named.〔 Throughout the season, a shift in the Hadley Circulation towards the Tasman Sea resulted in more frequent episodes of strong wind shear and regular pulses of dry air into the deep tropics, significantly hindering tropical cyclogenesis. The below-average activity was also reflected in an unusually low number of damaging storms. Only two systems, Trina and Waka, had significant effects on land. The former caused extensive flooding on Mangaia while the latter was regarded as one of the most damaging storms in the history of Tonga. Approximately $51.3 million in damage was attributed to Waka as well as an indirect fatality, the only tropical cyclone-related death of the year, due to cardiac arrest. ==Seasonal summary== ImageSize = width:800 height:200 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:20 left:20 Legend = columns:3 left:30 top:58 columnwidth:270 AlignBars = early DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/11/2001 till:01/05/2002 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = grid:black unit:month increment:1 start:01/11/2001 Colors = id:canvas value:gray(0.88) id:GP value:red id:TDi value:rgb(0.5,0.8,1) legend:Tropical_Disturbance id:TD value:rgb(0.38,0.73,1) legend:Tropical_Depression id:C1 value:rgb(0,0.98,0.96) legend:Category_1_=_63-87_km/h_(39-54_mph) id:C2 value:rgb(0.80,1,1) legend:Category_2_=_88-142_km/h_(55-74_mph) id:C3 value:rgb(1,1,0.80) legend:Category_3_=_143-158-km/h_(75-98_mph) id:C4 value:rgb(1,0.76,0.25) legend:Category_4_=_159-204_km/h_(99-127_mph) id:C5 value:rgb(1,0.38,0.38) legend:Category_5_=_≥205_km/h_(≥128_mph) Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Hurricane bar:Month PlotData= barset:Hurricane width:11 align:left fontsize:S shift:(4,-4) anchor:till from:29/11/2001 till:03/12/2001 color:C1 text:"Trina" from:08/12/2001 till:10/12/2001 color:TD text:"02F" from:19/12/2001 till:02/01/2002 color:C4 text:"Waka" from:22/12/2001 till:26/12/2001 color:C1 text:"Vicky" from:31/12/2001 till:06/01/2002 color:TD text:"05F" from:15/01/2002 till:16/01/2002 color:TD text:"06F" from:20/01/2002 till:27/01/2002 color:TD text:"07F" from:12/02/2002 till:14/02/2002 color:C3 text:"Claudia" barset:break from:17/02/2002 till:18/02/2002 color:TD text:"09F" from:23/02/2002 till:26/02/2002 color:TD text:"10F" from:26/02/2002 till:27/02/2002 color:TDi text:"11F" from:05/03/2002 till:07/03/2002 color:C2 text:"Des" from:13/03/2002 till:16/03/2002 color:TD text:"13F" from:18/03/2002 till:23/03/2002 color:TD text:"14F" from:01/04/2002 till:02/04/2002 color:TD text:"15F" from:17/04/2002 till:22/04/2002 color:TD text:"16F" bar:Month width:5 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas from:01/11/2001 till:01/12/2001 text:November from:01/12/2001 till:01/01/2002 text:December from:01/01/2002 till:01/02/2002 text:January from:01/02/2002 till:01/03/2002 text:February from:01/03/2002 till:01/04/2002 text:March from:01/04/2002 till:01/05/2002 text:April TextData = pos:(569,23) text:"(For further details, please see" pos:(713,23) text:"scales)" During the 2001–02 South Pacific cyclone season, only five tropical cyclones and two severe tropical cyclones formed or entered the region. These numbers are substantially below the seasonal average of nine tropical cyclones and four to five severe tropical cyclones. This continued an inactive trend seen by several years prior; however, it was slightly more active than the previous year. Throughout the season, an eastward shift in the Hadley Circulation led to an eastward displacement of the subtropical jet maximum, placing it near the Tasman Sea, similar to what takes place during an El Niño (ENSO) event.〔 However, ENSO indexes were neutral during the season.〔 This displacement of the subtropical jet resulted in the regular formation of strong mid-level troughs across Australia and the South Pacific, leading to an abundance of moderate to strong wind shear. Additionally, these systems brought pulses of dry mid-level air that moved as far north as 10°S. This was reflected by the below-average monthly relative humidity values across the basin.〔 Sea surface temperatures were also generally slightly below-average through January 2002 and only slight warming took place during the remainder of the season. The development of cyclones during the season was mainly, aside from Trina, tied into Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) phases. Trina developed prior to the arrival of the first MJO pulse which reached the basin in early December. This first pulse led to the development of several equatorial Rossby waves – the formations of Cyclones Vicky and Waka were related to these waves. The second pulse arrived in mid-February and was associated with the development of Cyclones Claudia and Des.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2001–02 South Pacific cyclone season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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